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Principal Investigator Elazer Edelman
This lecture will detail the creation of ultrasensitive sensors based on electronically active conjugated polymers (CPs) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Conceptually a single nano- or molecular-wire spanning between two electrodes would create an exceptional sensor if binding of a molecule of interest to it would block all electronic transport. Nanowire networks of CNTs modified chemically or in composites with polymers provide for a practical approximation to the single nanowire scheme. Creating chemiresistive and FET based sensors that have selectivity and accuracy requires the development of new methods. I will discuss covalent and non-covalent medication of CNTs with groups that impart selectivity for target analytes. This can involve reactions at the CNT sidewalls and rapping of the CNTs with CPs. Highly specific chemical processes orthogonal responses can be produced for mixtures of analytes through careful integration of chemical functionality. A prevailing problem in all chemiresistive schemes, which is seldom highlighted by researchers, is drift. This is intrinsic for systems that need to interface with their surroundings and changes in the position of ions of small changes in the organization of the CNTs relative to each other, the electrodes, or their surroundings can change the base resistance. I will detail different methods designed to lock the CNT networks in place. These novel compositions are also designed to accommodate functionality and I will demonstrate how we can use a diversity of transition metals to create selective responses to gases. We will also show that this scheme creates CNT networks that are robust enough for solution sensing and demonstrate chemiresistive based glucose sensing. I will also briefly discuss the successful use of CNT based gas sensors for the detection of ethylene and other gases relevant to agricultural and food production/storage/transportation and integrated systems that increase production, manage inventories, and minimize losses.