Battery Systems
Batteries and related technologies are becoming an increasingly important part of the transition toward a net-zero energy future. The rapid growth of electric vehicles, coupled with the need for power storage due to the expansion of intermittent renewable power sources, particularly wind and solar power, are driving the growth of the battery industry. Additionally, efforts to develop more efficient, robust, and safe batteries in a sustainable manner are underway.
MIT researchers are at the forefront of this research, making significant progress in developing next-generation batteries and associated systems. In this special energy webinar, we'll be joined by several leading MIT experts, including Professors Ju Li, Juner Zhu, Tomasz Wierzbicki, and Martin Bazant. They will share their insights on the development, recycling, simulation, and modeling of behaviors of batteries and electrochemical systems.
Join us in this exciting session to stay up-to-date with the latest advancements in this strategically important area.
Dr. CJ Guo joined the Office of Corporate Relations as a Senior Industrial Liaison Officer in July, 2015. CJ comes to OCR with 25 years of extensive global experience in technology innovations, portfolio management and business development in emerging and conventional energy sectors with leading multinational corporations in the US, China and Canada.
CJ is a leading expert in emerging energy technologies and energy system transitions. With Shell, he was the Emerging Technology Theme Leader in China/Beijing (2011 to 2015), worked extensively with the Chinese energy communities on the country's future energy landscape, and the Senior Technology Advisor in alternative transportation fuels in the US / Houston (2006-2010), and served during 2010 as Chairman of the Fuel Operations Group for the US DOE FreedomCar Partnership. Prior to joining Shell, CJ has held technology development, commercialization and management positions with Air Liquide (2002-2006) and The BOC Group (1995-2001) after working as a research scientist in oil-sands upgrading with CANMET in Canada (1992-1994).
CJ earned his Ph.D., Chemical Engineering, at CSU, Ohio, his M.S. and B.S., Chemical Engineering at TYUT, China. He has earned various awards from Shell, Air Liquide, BOC, Shanxi Province (China). He holds many patents and has sat on the board of Shenzhen Sanmu Battery Technology Company as an independent board member during 2009-2010.
Ju Li has held faculty positions at the Ohio State University and University of Pennsylvania, and is presently a chaired professor at MIT. His group investigates the mechanical, electrochemical, and transport behaviors of materials, as well as novel means of energy storage and conversion. Li is a recipient of the 2005 Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers, the 2006 Materials Research Society Outstanding Young Investigator Award, and the TR35 award from Technological Review. He was elected Fellow of the American Physical Society in 2014 and a Fellow of the Materials Research Society in 2017. Thomson Reuters/Clarivate included Li in its Highly Cited Researchers list in 2014/2018 in Materials Science category. In 2016, he co-founded one of the MIT Energy Initiative (MITEI) Low-Carbon Energy Centers, the Center for Materials in Energy and Extreme Environments (CME).
Rapid green energy transition requires an enormous amount of new materials that are earth-abundant, cheap to process, high-performance, and recyclable. We are developing high-performance battery and electrolyzer materials ( http://Li.mit.edu/bat ) with consideration of industrialization, assisted by automated experimentation and machine learning. Some examples from lithium-ion batteries, hydrogen production, and CO2 reduction are used to illustrate the challenges.
The principles of electrochemistry govern the performance of batteries. On the other side of the coin, it is the mechanics of particles, electrodes, and cells that largely determine the safety, reliability, and lifetime of the electrochemical systems. Typical examples include fire incidents of EVs where the mechanical deformation of batteries leads to internal short circuits; the capacity fade of battery cells where cracks of active particles cause undesired side reactions and accelerate the degradation; and the management of Li-ion battery modules and some novel solid-state batteries where external pressure is usually applied to prolong the lifetime of the systems. This presentation will provide an overview of recent studies of modeling the mechanics in Li-ion and solid-state batteries at different length scales.
Tomasz Wierzbicki is a professor of Applied Mechanics in the MIT Department of Mechanical Engineering.
Martin Bazant is the E. G. Roos (1944) Professor of Chemical Engineering and Mathematics and Executive Officer of the department of chemical engineering at MIT. He is a Fellow of the American Physical Society, the International Society of Electrochemistry and the Royal Society of Chemistry and has won multiple awards. Bazant's research focuses on mathematical modeling of transport phenomena, especially in electrokinetics and electrochemical systems. Noteworthy contributions include theories of induced-charge electro-osmosis, control of phase separation in Li-ion batteries, and a new method of water desalination -- “shock electrodialysis.” His educational innovations include the first graduate-level massive open online course (MOOC) in applied mathematics or chemical engineering. Bazant also consults extensively for industry and serves as the Chief Scientific Advisor for Saint Gobain Ceramics and Plastics, North America R&D Center in Northboro, MA. Bazant holds a PhD in physics from Harvard University.
Theoretical physics has traditionally relied on human intelligence to discover the laws of nature. Artificial intelligence is beginning to challenge this paradigm but still struggles to learn any physical “laws” valid far beyond the training dataset. This talk presents a hybrid approach to solving PDE-constrained inverse problems to learn electrochemical physics directly from image data. From x-ray images of lithium iron phosphate nanoparticles during battery cycling, we learn the free energy landscape of the material, the reaction kinetics of coupled ion-electron transfer, and the nanoscale profile of surface reactivity (correlated with carbon coating thickness). From optical images of graphite anodes during fast charging, we learn the dynamics of staging phase transformations and the conditions for parasitic lithium plating. Incorporating this knowledge in multiphase porous electrode theory (MPET) enables predictive simulations of Li-ion batteries, which can be used to optimize of fast-charging protocols and formation cycling for extended battery lifetime.